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- NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is
- being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.
- The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been
- prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.
- See United States v. Detroit Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337.
-
- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
-
- Syllabus
-
- TWO PESOS, INC. v. TACO CABANA, INC.
- certiorari to the united states court of appeals for
- the fifth circuit
- No. 91-971. Argued April 21, 1992-Decided June 26, 1992
-
- Respondent, the operator of a chain of Mexican restaurants, sued
- petitioner, a similar chain, for trade dress infringement under 43(a)
- of the Trademark Act of 1946 (Lanham Act), which provides that
- ``[a]ny person who . . . use[s] in connection with any goods or services
- . . . any false description or representation . . . shall be liable to . . .
- any person . . . damaged by [such] use.'' The District Court in-
- structed the jury, inter alia, that respondent's trade dress was
- protected if it either was inherently distinctive-i. e., was not merely
- descriptive-or had acquired a secondary meaning-i. e., had come
- through use to be uniquely associated with a specific source. The
- court entered judgment for respondent after the jury found, among
- other things, that respondent's trade dress is inherently distinctive
- but has not acquired a secondary meaning. In affirming, the Court
- of Appeals ruled that the instructions adequately stated the applica-
- ble law, held that the evidence supported the jury's findings, and
- rejected petitioner's argument that a finding of no secondary meaning
- contradicted a finding of inherent distinctiveness.
- Held:Trade dress which is inherently distinctive is protectable under
- 43(a) without a showing that it has acquired secondary meaning,
- since such trade dress itself is capable of identifying products or
- services as coming from a specific source. This is the rule generally
- applicable to trademark, see, e. g., Restatement (Third) of Unfair
- Competition 13, pp. 37-38, and the protection of trademarks and of
- trade dress under 43(a) serves the same statutory purpose of
- preventing deception and unfair competition. There is no textual
- basis for applying different analysis to the two. Section 43(a) men-
- tions neither and does not contain the concept of secondary meaning,
- and that concept, where it does appear in the Lanham Act, is a
- requirement that applies only to merely descriptive marks and not to
- inherently distinctive ones. Engrafting a secondary meaning require-
- ment onto 43(a) also would make more difficult the identification of
- a producer with its product and thereby undermine the Lanham Act's
- purposes of securing to a mark's owner the goodwill of his business
- and protecting consumers' ability to distinguish among competing
- producers. Moreover, it could have anticompetitive effects by creating
- burdens on the start-up of small business. Petitioner's suggestion
- that such businesses be protected by briefly dispensing with the
- secondary meaning requirement at the outset of the trade dress' use
- is rejected, since there is no basis for such requirement in 43(a).
- Pp.5-13.
- 932 F.2d 1113, affirmed.
-
- White, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Rehnquist,
- C. J., and Blackmun, O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy, and Souter, JJ.,
- joined. Scalia, J., filed a concurring opinion. Stevens, J., and
- Thomas, J., filed opinions concurring in the judgment.
-